Picasso's Influence on Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons Essay

Picasso's Influence on Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons - Essay Example The article Picasso's Influence on Gertrude Stein's Tender Buttons examines Pablo Picasso, cubism and how they impacted on Gertrude Stein's Delicate Buttons. A composition might be a genuine craftsmanship yet a seat to sit on is an imaginative component. Craftsmanship which has less useful qualities is called expressive arts while the articles which fill the practical need are called make. At one time period craftsmanship has been considered to essentially portray the thoughts of truth and excellence. Craftsmanship when used to pass on excellence has additionally helped in making mindfulness in individuals, has helped them to battle for their right, has given them where the world is going and how to make it a superior spot for our people to come. Consequently craftsmanship has been utilized to pass on significance and isn't simply utilized for joy. Mindfulness and excitement has been made in individuals through different types of workmanship. It could be verse, painting, a novel, a m elody, a figure, a demonstration of show; workmanship can be of any shape and can pass on significance in at any rate however its ought to be seen, at that point just it has its value and fills its need. Picasso and Gertrude are one of the individuals who has served the individuals through their work. Both these craftsmen had enthusiasm for cubism; Picasso utilized it in his artistic creations while Stein had utilized it in her works. During 1909 and 1919 Picasso alongside Braque created Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Scientific Cubism is a style of painting utilizing monochrome caramel hues while Synthetic Cubism is an advancement of Cubism where bits of paper are stuck into the composition.... extreme neediness where he needed to consume of his work to give warmth to himself and he had likewise observed high occasions when his work had gotten well known after he had begun marking his work with just 'Picasso' instead of 'Pablo Ruiz y Picasso'. During the time he was popular he hosted go to meals and gatherings with rich and exclusive class individuals and have had numerous ladies throughout his life. During 1909 and 1919 Picasso alongside Braque created Analytic Cubism and Synthetic Cubism. Diagnostic Cubism is a style of painting utilizing monochrome tanish hues while Synthetic Cubism is an improvement of Cubism wherein bits of paper or backdrop are glued into the organization utilizing montage in artistic work. During the First and Second World War and Spanish Civil War Picasso stayed unbiased however he bolstered the thought through his canvases. During the Spanish Civil War, Picasso living abroad had willfully taken part by communicating his resentment and judgment of Franco and Fascists through his work. He upheld the Catalan freedom development and turned into an individual from the Communist Party. Picasso turned into a reliable individual from French Communist Party in 1944 and went to a global harmony meeting in Poland. In 1950 he got a Stalin Peace Prize from the legislature and the Stalin representation portrayed that his enthusiasm for the socialist governmental issues had gotten low however he stayed an unwavering individual from the socialist party until his demise. [2] Cubism Cubism is a twentieth century craftsmanship development that has changed the European artistic creation; it was noteworthy in France during 1907 and 1914. It has been established by both Picasso and Braque. The craftsman portrays the subject from numerous sides and shows a more prominent setting while cubist works of art incorporate separated articles which are broke down and re-organized.

Data Mining in Airlines - NOTE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Information Mining in Airlines - NOTE - Essay Example Among the various transportation security parts, air terminal security remains the most quarrelsome in light of the fact that it is tremendously contributed anyway it raises concerns. A theoretical association with the word â€Å"security† unveils a few parts of AIP security activities upheld through government financing. Aftereffects of the investigation bolster hypothetical system that two levels exist that the impact the dispersion of awards in transportation security, and they remember ecological changes for full scale level just as undertaking highlights in small scale level. Also, examination calls attention to that 9/11 occasions and the monetary emergency in 2008 extraordinarily influenced the arrangement of awards related with security and all awards in different manners (Wang, Andoh-Baidoo and Sun, 2014). The primary shortcoming in the investigation of the examination is that it is limited by the variable decisions due to auxiliary information. For example, air termi nal locale and type are the main two factors depicting venture qualities that just around show area and degree. Additionally, FAA reveals just financed AIP ventures, expanding the trouble of researching factors that impact granting of awards. In spite of the shortcomings, the investigation discoveries despite everything produce some huge ramifications to the two experts and specialists. It shows that the interest in transportation security decidedly reacts to psychological militant assaults like 9/11 in spite of the fact that this isn't the situation with financial occasions like the 2008 monetary emergency (Wang, Andoh-Baidoo and Sun, 2014). The investigation focusses on client conduct and firms creating lasting associations with client (Liou, 2009). The examination attempts to tackle the issue of anticipating conduct to assist firms with limiting loss of existing clients by energetically making a suffering relationship with clients (Liou, 2009). The paper utilizes factor examination; also, it presents Variable Consistency

Yay for Grad School!

Yay for Grad School! Hi everyone, and Happy end-of-February! I know that this time of the year involves a lot of hard work, as well as some questions of whether or not it will pay off in the end. It will, I promise. This is easy for me to say now because on Friday, I found out that I have been accepted to a masters program here at U of I (which I will do another post about soon), and I am delighted that all of my work has finally paid off! I am so thrilled, and wish that I could go back and tell myself that it will all be okay. I am so happy that I will get to spend even more time here at U of I, and look Im looking forward to my future adventures! Sarah Class of 2018 I'm from Grand Rapids, Michigan. I'm majoring in Communication in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Define the terms Conservative, Liberal and Marxist History...

History has been understood differently by different people. While some have understood it as the study of the past events, others have defined it as a record of human actions which have occurred in the past.1 However the variety of definitions, it should be pointed out that history does not constitute everything that happened in the past. Only those past activities which have had a bearing on the present are what may qualify to be worth history.2 Just as there are many definitions of history, so are there many branches of history. This essay is meant to define and illustrate the importance of three of the braches of history. These include Conservative, Liberal and Marxist History. The essay is organized in two parts. The first part will†¦show more content†¦According to him, these struggles are perpetuated by the state and economic conditions such as capitalism which produces oppressed classes. He contended that capitalists will destroy engage in brutal competitive struggle s with each other, thereby giving an opportunity to the exploited laboring classes to rise up against capitalism and overthrow it so that they replace it with communism. In communism, there would be no classes and economic benefits would be shared equitably.8 Marxist History is therefore, that interpretation of history on the basis of not only social and political factors but also economic factors. Marxist historians asserted that poverty and diseases of the poor people are as a result of social classes and conditions under which peasants lived and worked.9 The base of man’s problems was to be found in the division of society into classes. Therefore, in order building a society with no exploitation is only dependant on the forceful removal of the capitalist system. At the centre of radical history is the argument that the historical analysis of man’s progress and development is meaningless unless that analysis puts into consideration the economic and social relations aspect.10 This is unlike liberal history which only emphasizes the social and political factors in the analysis of man’s development. So far, it is clear that Marxist History differs considerably from the otherShow MoreRelatedSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 Pages20.05.00. Copyright  © Guardian News Media Ltd 2000; ‘Adoption boost for gay couples’, guardian.co.uk, 07.05.02. Copyright  © Guardian News Media Ltd 2002; and Anushka Asthana, ‘Religious schools â€Å"show bias for rich†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢: Middle class favoured, study shows: Faith schools deny selection claim’, The Observer, 02.03.08. Copyright  © Guardian News Media Ltd 2008; Philip Allan Updates for material from, ‘Gender differences in education: The underachievement of boys, Sociology Review, Vol. 8, IssueRead Moreethical decision making16006 Words   |  65 Pagesallotted its state health department $750,000 to match Ryan White federal funding for medication sufï ¬ cient to treat 20 patients with acquired immune deï ¬ ciency syndrome (AIDS). However, there were 100 patients who needed the help. Public health nurses in each district were asked to select patients for the medication program. A terminally ill cancer patient who is in great pain begs the nurse for more medication than the physician has ordered. What should the nurse do? A man was diagnosed and treatedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this bookRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesResponsibility (CSR) and Ethics in Marketing 4. Have you understood type questions 5. Summary 6. Exercises 7. References 1. INTRODUCTION: The apex body in United States of America for the Marketing functions, American Marketing Association (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. 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A Brief Look at Louisa May Alcott - 690 Words

We can see that Louisa May Alcott in every way was shaped, moulded and influenced by transcendentalism. The ‘big men’ around her, Emerson, Thoreau, Lane, but predominantly her own father, taught her how to be a second generation transcendentalist. Mr Alcott cocooned her into his ‘slice of the planet’ and she soon lived her life as a vegan, writing a journal and living on a self-sufficient farm. However she felt a conflicting response to her father’s and his friends’ transcendental beliefs and Alcott found herself torn between many aspects of their beliefs. She struggled most of all with the conflict between her position as a transcendentalist and a member of American society as she discovered it was crucial to acknowledge both. This tension is what created most of her attitudes which then transcended into her literature. Alcott grew up being influenced by Emerson and Fuller’s understanding of self-reliance. This, as well as her father’s teaching, encouraged Alcott to grow into a woman who believed that she had great strength as an individual. However she was aware that beyond every individual sphere was an outer society that was hard to ignore. She had seen the effect of society when it opposed her father’s teaching methods and caused his school to close. Similarly, she felt it shutting down her chances of becoming a successful woman writer who sought to create works of genius. She noticed that with every individual idea, there was a chorus of society stopping it fromShow MoreRelated Importance of Early American Women Writers Essay2207 Words   |  9 Pagesstart (4). Different styles of writing emerged from various early American women writers in each century, there by setting a precedent for those that followed. Anne Bradstreet, Phillis Wheatley, Abigail Adams, Hannah Foster, S usanna Rowson, and Louisa May Alcott established new forms of literary styles like poetry, letters, fiction, and novels in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Anne Bradstreet established domestic tradition in American poetry in the 17th century. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) firstRead MoreA Feminist Study of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women5846 Words   |  24 PagesA FEMINIST STUDY OF LOUSIA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Little Women and the Feminist Imagination 3 Chapter 2 Jo March: A Woman Ahead of her Times 10 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 19 Introduction If the first woman God ever made was strongRead MoreGetting Start For A Clean Slate8622 Words   |  35 Pagesformatting, we are also cleaning out all the Microsoft Word hidden codes and garbage, as well as any text boxes or images you might have put in to your book, accidentally or on purpose. It is these hidden codes and accidental text boxes that make your books look wonky if you just upload a Microsoft Word document to a retailer like Amazon’s KDP or Barnes Noble’s Nook Press. It’s also at this point that I recommend popping over to the â€Å"R: Resources† chapter very quickly. There you’ll find a link to my websiteRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesChildrens texts written by child or adolescent authors, such as Daisy Ashfords The Young Visiters(1919) or Anne Franks Het Achterhuis (1947; The Diary of a Young Girl, 1952), are exceptions to the rule. Many famous childrens authors, such as Louisa May Alcott and Lewis Carroll, produced family magazines as children, and bits of their juvenilia were reworked into published childrens books. More often, childrens books result from the collaboration or direct inspiration of a specific child or groupRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesencyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbÉ ªldÊŠÅ‹s.Ê oËÅ'maË n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3] in which character change is extremely important.[4][5] Contents

Sex and Religion Free Essays

Sexual origin and conduct morals differentiate between cultures and have evolved gradually over time to what we now know today. The conflict between sexuality (sex) and religion has been ever present in every cultures history. This conflict, however, comes in two parts: sex as in the action and sexuality. We will write a custom essay sample on Sex and Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The action of sex, or conduct, has many different views that can sway easily from polar to polar. From the belief that sex is immoral and dirty, to the belief that sex is the highest expression of the divine, this an example on how the view of each religion differ greatly from each other. Some religious faiths believe that only sex as a means of biological reproduction between a formal marital couple is acceptable and even promoted; while on the other hand, sex for the basis of pleasure is considered sinful and looked down upon. There seems to be little middle ground in any of the world’s major and minor religions. But while there may be little middle ground in the direct interpretations of religious texts and values, the middle ground is made up by society that as a whole is very laid back on such matters with only a few high profile individuals who happen to talk more than they walk. Most people tend to such matters with privacy and discretion. The second of the two conflicts is of sexuality and preference, and this is one that grips our nation and many others when really it should not. Religious institutions have such a problem with gay-marriage that through years of successful lobbying against such marital status resulted in many states banning or suspending this right. This is a clear indicator that the seperation between church and state has become a bit of a fallacy. Out of all the major faiths and sects in the world, the Anglican church is the only branch that even allows homosexuals to hold any leadership and pastorship position. Being Anglican, I have been taught that God just wants everyone to be happy and live a good life. If two same-sex people love each other and are happy, then why limit their possibilities to extend that happiness? At the same time, homosexual couples seem to be the only ones not affected by the hellish situation that is a divorce. To be honest, it is unfair that they get rarely encounter any of the pain that a divorce brings. Plus, it allows divorce attorneys a new frontier to cast their loveless shadow over, and add extra impetus in their reservations in hell. Anyways, it’s none of our or any religion’s business to influence the happiness and lives of generally good people who contribute immensly in our world. In Judaism, sex and reproduction are the holiest of acts that one can do, they believe this act is the only one where one can imitate God and bring life to the world. Of course, like many religions, they sanction monogamous and committed heterosexual relationships with marriage. Though, the Jewish Hebrew Bible prohibits adultery and heterosexual intercourse during when the wife in her menstrual period, or known as the Niddah. Orthodox Judaism strongly oppose homosexual sexual acts, while the Traditional division of Judaism views just male homosexuality as a grave sin. With that in mind, female homosexuality is apparently fine with them – I guess they are fans of girl-on-girl action. Contradictions like this just make the view and morality of sex to religious faiths a huge joke. But there is hope as the tolerant attitudes ofReform and Reconstructionist Judaism in relation to both sexual diversity and interfaith marriage have contributed to the rise in popularity to eventually making it the largest Jewish denomination in the United States. For centuries How to cite Sex and Religion, Papers

The Hungarian Edition Of Cosmopolitan Essay Example For Students

The Hungarian Edition Of Cosmopolitan Essay TABLE OF CONTENTSABSTRACT 3OVERVIEW OF THE HUNGARIAN MARKET 3BACKGROUND 4DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCT 4THE CONCEPT OF THE PRODUCT 4PROFILE OF THE TARGET CONSUMERS 5CURRENT MARKET SITUATION 5SWOT ANALYSIS 5PEST ANALYSIS 6STRUCTURE OF THE MAGAZINE 6PRICING STRATEGY 7PROMOTION MIX 7ADVERTISING 7SALES PROMOTION 8PUBLIC RELATIONS 9CONCLUSIONS 9APPENDIX 10LIST OF SOURCES 17ABSTRACTPrimarily based on an interview with Ms. Eniko Horvath, marketing manager of Cosmopolitan Hungary, this case study outlines the historical background of Cosmopolitan international editions and the peculiarities of the Hungarian version. The first issue brought about a revolution in the general approach of womens magazines in Hungary; Cosmopolitan immediately reached a leading market position that it still holds today. The paper discusses the layout and content of the magazine in an attempt to thoroughly describe this product. It illustrates some patterns of the magazine in terms of sales, number of subscribers and number of copies given out freely for promotional purposes. The pricing policy and the promotion mix adopted by Cosmopolitan as parts of its overall marketing strategy, are presented as well. We conclude that Cosmopolitan is a successful business in todays glossy magazines market in Hungary, since each upcoming issue is impatiently awaited by thousands of readers each month. OVERVIEW OF THE HUNGARIAN MARKETIn Hungary the first magazines for women were published in the middle of the 19th Century. In the name of emancipation, Hungarian women demanded more womens magazines, fashion and beauty-care products. At that moment there were around 1,500 magazines on the market and their advertisements were mainly done through first-class fashion salons. After World War I, the so-called feminine press started to fade away and cultural magazines slowly took over. During the socialist era, a new type of magazines appeared on the Hungarian market and remained dominant for 40 years. One of them is still among the leading Hungarian magazines for women and is called Nok Lapja. After its very first issue in 1949, it was declared to be a good, useful and essential magazine for honest, hard-working Hungarian women and remained so until the 1960s, when it also incorporated some elements of the Western culture. The economical and political changes which occurred in the past 10 years deeply affected the magazines market. The feminine press made a tremendous comeback, giving birth to newcomers and forcing old magazines to change. At present one can find more than 50 magazines dedicated to women readers. Some of them deal with so-called women issues in general, whereas some specialize in fashion, cooking, needlework and home decorating. In a market economy, magazines are like any other product, says Andrea Eszes, editor of Cosmopolitan. And products targeting women can make big profits in Hungary. If we just compare how much is spent on advertising each year in Hungary with the budget of the Ministry of Culture or that of the Ministry of National Defense, there is no wonder that this market is a primary business target for investors. The future holds fine prospects to these international glossy magazines that are published all over the world and combine some common characteristics with specific cultural elements of the host countries. But as they emerge and leave cultural magazines behind, they will bear the increasing responsibility of correcting the language usage and promoting visual culture to the public. BACKGROUND Cosmopolitan was founded in 1886 as a magazine for first-class families in the U.S. William Randolph Hearst acquired the magazine in 1905. In the middle of the century sales dropped and the management decided to change the concept of the magazine. Ever since, the Cosmopolitan concept the magazine is for young women interested in fashion, beauty, career and sex has been alive. Helen Gurley Brown, who was appointed Editor in Chief in 1965, approached the idea of Cosmopolitan as a magazine for ambitious, career-conscious young women and even wrote a feminist best-seller. Today there are 37 international editions, making Cosmopolitan the largest selling young womens magazine in the whole world. It has an average of nearly 7 million buyers universally and more than 33 million readers per month. This gives Cosmopolitan the status of the first international first-class magazine. The Hungarian edition of Cosmopolitan was launched in November 1997, in accordance with the agreement between Hearst Corporation/VNU and Erasmus Press Publishing House. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTCONCEPT OF THE PRODUCTCosmopolitan is a glossy monthly magazine for women. It has a strong and internationally approved concept, which is tailored for each edition based on specific national characteristics. A visually stimulating magazine, Cosmopolitan speaks the universal language of women everywhere. Cosmopolitan envisions itself as a friend, thus informing, giving advice and offering support to young women in a friendly and personal manner. Its impossible dream is to become a lifestyl e, to inspire readers to enhance their living patterns and the relationships they enjoy. Cosmopolitan adopts a positive attitude; it is supportive, trendy and imaginative. The Hungarian edition is based on the original U.S. concept bearing in mind the special interests of Hungarian readers. Overpopulation is Not the Problem EssayPROMOTION MIXADVERTISINGCosmopolitan heavily relies on advertising: 60% of all promotional activities are above-the-line activities, whereas 40% take the form of sales promotion and public relations. Due to special characteristics of the target group, it is necessary that in addition to traditional communication channels (TV, radio, billboards), the product is promoted in cinema multiplexes, fitness clubs, beauty salons, hairdressers and restaurants. During an advertising campaign, the feedback from the target audience is evaluated in terms of increases in sales volume, above-the-line GRPs and through panel research. A successful advertising campaign is one that boosts demand and, in turn, sales. Difficulties were encountered in the launch advertising campaign. The Consumers Protection Office sued Cosmopolitan for the outrageousness of its launch advertising posters; however, the magazine was exempted from paying a penalty fee in the end. This conflict came to the advantage of Cosmopolitan which demonstrates the validity of the old saying negative publicity is good publicity. Business-to-business marketing is an area of main concern for Cosmopolitan, which is also challenged with creating a favorable image to its business customers. The advantages offered by Cosmopolitan as an advertising medium itself are as follows:it fills the existing gap of the glossy magazines in the advertising market;its quality is guaranteed by the international background;it has a well-defined target audience who tend to spend a lot of money and can afford the magazine;its readers believe in Cosmopolitan;it fits to premium quality products;it has quality content, layout, paper and printing;it offers the possibility for various creative units. Cosmopolitan offers discounts on its advertising rates to important business customers, as well as creative possibilities for them to realize their advertisements, such as binding, sticking on a page, inserting, foiling and double covers (for more technical details about business-to-business marketing, see appendix). SALES PROMOTIONCosmopolitan organized a host promotion after its launch, whereby young men offered leaflets and brochures about Cosmopolitan to young women, with the purpose of convincing them to buy the magazine. Additionally, a certain numbers of issues is given out for free to readers on a monthly bases. This also aims at increasing demand. The chart below reveals the patterns of free issues offered to potential readers as a promotional activity:Persuading readers to subscribe and keeping current subscribers are also areas of major concern for Cosmopolitan. At this moment, the magazine has some 1,200 subscribers. Cosmopolitan always has special offers for potential subscribers (they are either able to order a product through the magazine or buy it cheaper from the stores, they are offered extra gifts etc.). Readers do not seem to be very responsive to these initiatives, though . Yet, products advertised in Cosmopolitan are highly successful because of the powerfulness and persuasi veness the magazine emanates to its target consumers. PUBLIC RELATIONSIn accordance with other international glossy magazines, Cosmopolitan has organized a fashion show; on that occasion, it invited the TV stations, newspapers and numerous magazines in an attempt to get exposure in these specific channels. However, it is rather difficult for Cosmopolitan to get favorable reviews in other communication media, since all publications and audio-visual instruments are actually competing with each other for an ever-increasing number of consumers. Cosmopolitan is considering sponsoring some beauty and modeling contests next year; it has not done it so far because of the negative image attached to this type of events in Hungary. Unlike other companies such as Coca~Cola and ProcterGamble, Cosmopolitan has decided not to associate its name with these events yet. CONCLUSIONS An internationally famous glossy magazine, Cosmopolitan is a high-quality product with a clearly-defined brand image and a competitive pricing strategy. Its promotion mix is adequately tailored to persuade and maintain the loyalty of its customers. Our findings once again demonstrate that Cosmopolitan is a highly successful product with a well-defined target group and an increasing market share in Hungary as elsewhere in the world. APPENDIX:BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS MARKETINGTechnical details of the magazine:FREQUENCY: monthlyFORMAT: 205 * 276 mmPRINT TECHNIQUE: 4 color offsetPAPER QUALITY: 70 gr WC and 170 gr ARTTOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES: between 132 and 164 pagesCOVER PRICE: 395 HUFINTRODUCTION COVER PRICE (1st and 2nd issue): 350 HUFESTIMATE SOLD COPIES/ISSUE: 60,000ESTIMATED PRINTRUN/ISSUE: 75,000Advertising rates:SIZE FULL COLORCover IV HUF 800,000Cover II HUF 770,000Cover III HUF 715,0001/1 page HUF 550,0001/2 page HUF 350,000Discounts:2-3 pages 2%4-5 pages 4%6-8 pages 6%9-1 1 pages 8%12-17 pages 10%The above prices do not include 25%VAT. Information: Erasmus Press Kiadoi Kft. Advertising departmentAddress: 1134 Dosza Gyorgy ut 150Phone: 361 2703457Fax: 361 1403709LIST OF SOURCES1) INTERVIEW WITH MS. ENIKO HORVATH, MARKETING MANAGER OF COSMOPOLITAN HUNGARY 2) COSMOPOLITAN ISSUES: NOV. 1997 NOV. 19983) SANDOR ZSUZSANNA HOLGYVALASZ IN: 168 ORA 1998/94) MATESZ SUCCINCT PRESENTATION 19985) INTERNETBusiness Essays

Jack Welchs Leadership Style

Introduction The concept of leadership can be broadly defined as the intrinsic ability to internalize a setting with the intention of empowering a group or team to proactively and creatively contribute towards problem-solving.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Jack Welch’s Leadership Style specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, management, in the broad spectrum, can be defined as the process in an organization that is inclusive of setting, strategic planning, managing resources and deploying the needed resources to realize specific objectives that are measurable within a specified period. Thus, this analytical paper attempts to explicitly analyze the concepts of leadership in terms of its application, scope, and features in the management styles. Specifically, the treatise adopts reflective research in exploring the components of leadership and management such as transformational leader ship and organizational realities in the management style of Jack Welch who spurred growth in the General Electric Company as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Leader Jack Welch Jack Welch was the General Electric’s CEO from the year 1980 to 2000 where he facilitated the growth of the company from annual revenue of $26.8 billion to $130 billion through the 20 years at the helm of the company’s leadership pyramid. Welch worked in the company for more than 40 years and rose through the ranks over the years to come to the top manager. Welch developed transformational, situational, and participatory leadership skills in managing operations at the General Electric through life experiences. To promote the ideals of positive responsibility amongst different department, Welch created a good organizational culture by fostering a strong alignment on the set path of achieving goals, missions, and vision. The main characteristics of Welch’s leadership style include adaptab ility, empowerment, commitment, contribution, and critical problem-solving skills. The aspect of adaptability influences the adjustments that may be required in exercising influence over a challenge.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through these adjustments, Welch was in a position to model a unique setting that discerns the wants and desires of the customers. Besides, he inspires self-esteem and confidence among the staff to align their feelings to specific intuition or instinct in his proactive concept. Jack Welch’s Achievements Leadership inspires the need to contribute proactively towards the creation of a suitable environment for closing the gap that may exist between a challenge and its solution. Welch used creative leadership, which is a rich recipe for an imaginative response, to stimulate and create a wide chain of adaptation of viable solutions to t he demands of General Electric’s clients and employees. Welch organized the management team of the company into independent units with different performance contracts. Unlike the situation before taking the leadership mantle at the company, Welch was at the forefront of promoting optimal performance through the motivation of the employees in the form of promotions and financial rewards. Through proactive management, Welch rolled out an organized process within the General Electric business that involved setting, planning, managing customer demands and deploying assets to achieve specific goals and objectives such as offering competitive prices and convenience to customers. Since management is about reproducing an action plan and implementing the same, Welch developed solutions that addressed the concerns of the company’s diverse customers and employees with different preferences (Huy, 2002). This strategy was successful since Welch inspired trust in the long-range pers pective that challenged and concentrated on doing what was right and not ideal for the employees. Despite task orientation being rated as a high self-leadership assessment strategy, action planning is of importance to create solution-oriented task and strategy implementation secession for quantifying task orientation levels (Huy, 2002). Welch was a good planner with transformational leadership skills that identified a range of problematic situations individuals faced in their social environment and generated multiple alternative solutions to these problems. He internalized task orientation in practicing a proactive balance in self situational leadership management.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Jack Welch’s Leadership Style specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Welch made it his responsibility to establish social welfare amenities for the employees to win their trust and full commitment to his growt h strategies at the General Electric Company. Besides, Welch was competent in teamwork and a keen believer in collective responsibility. His task orientation level is hyperactive since he managed to internalize the need for optimizing output level through pre-planning activities at the company. For instance, Welch managed to organize the company into an optimal performance with proactive production efficiency lines. The environmental and societal factors that would influence leadership skills at companies of the General Electric magnitude are staff dynamics and creativity promotion. Welch managed to strike a balance between task orientation and transformational skills to serve competing interests in the relatively changing economic landscape, following the rapid growth of the company through modeling efficiency units in the logistics department (Kouzes and Posner, 2012). Since leadership inspires the need to contribute proactively towards the creation of a suitable environment for c losing the gap that may exist between a challenge and its solution, Welch used creative leadership which is a rich recipe for an imaginative response to stimulate the different maturity stages of the General Electric Company. Interestingly, he managed to achieve a record growth within the twenty years of his leadership as the CEO of the company. Self-initiative in situational leadership plays a significant role in setting up the leadership environment for situational occurrence management from external factors. This self-guided approach is based on collaborative procedures that involve designing specific leadership experiences to organize situational management goals on how to monitor automatic response (Rath and Conchie, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It recognizes the relationship between these responses and cognition ways to test the validity of the relationships. Besides, it provides measures to apply to substitute distorted thoughts with more realistic situational redress. Several structural and social transformations in the General Electric Company are associated with Welch’s management principles. For instance, the complete transformation of the previous red tape and excessive formal way of operations into an informal and proactive learning environment occurred during Welch’s reign as the company’s CEO. Conclusion Conclusively, leadership development focuses on how individuals think about themselves and activities that affect these thoughts and feelings in an organizational environment, especially during selection, perfection, and persuasion procedures. Therefore, it is critical to analyze the concept of leadership in management to understand the unique features that are independent of each other and ha ve the same scope. Welch successful applied these concepts to develop a successful business out of the previously bureaucratic and underperforming General Electric Company. Welch has been successful in applying the three types of leadership styles involving a realization that a challenge exists, the transformation of this challenge into a development goal after which implementation step concludes by developing a solution to the challenge. Due to his transformational leadership skills, the General Electric Company has remained one of the most dynamic and profitable organization in the twenty-first century. References Huy, Q. N. (2002). Emotional filtering in strategic change. Academy of Management Proceedings, 6 (1), 43-78. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2012). The leadership challenge. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. ISBN: 9780470651728. Rath, T. Conchie, B. (2008). Strengths based leadership. New York, NY: Gallup Press. ISBN: 9781595620255. This research paper on Jack Welch’s Leadership Style was written and submitted by user Emilio Snow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Korean War vs. Vietnam War essays

Korean War vs. Vietnam War essays Korea and Vietnam had similar beginnings as far as revolutions are concerned. Korea had been occupied by Japan and Vietnam had been occupied by France. The United States and other U.N. nations put millions of dollars into both wars, but pretty much came out empty handed. At first it seemed as though America would win both wars but those opinions changed after years and years of fighting proved that not enough was being done to successfully rid Asian countries of communism. At first Truman just had sea and air suppport but it soon turned inot a war with the U.S.'s total involvment. A similar situation took place in Vietnam. In the beginning the U.N. sent support to France but soon got actively involved in the war once the support was not enough anymore. Korea, just like Vietnam was split between a Northern Communist enemy and a Southern Republic ally of the U.S. In both events the U.S. government was forced into signing peace treaties because of the severe U.S. losses from fighting. Both Vietnam and Korea were supported by China and the Soviet Union. By the beginning of the Korean War, China was already on its way to becoming a nuclear power. U.S. government officials faced problems with this. They needed to fight the main enemy but at the same time avoid a fight with China. Both sided knew that a fight with China would have meant World WarIII with a nuclear weapons. Both sides preferred to avoid this but either side was willing to use nuclear weapons if they detected a threat from the other side. For the U.S. both wars had similar goals. The stop of communism was imminent and the U.N. would do everything short of using nuclear weapons to stop it. The Vietnam war however brought on a new enemy, guerilla warfare. Guerilla tactics were powerful and could severly destroy operations in a sector. During the Korean war most of the fighting was done between two armies. But as far as Vietnam was concerned, U.S. troop...

Management of Chronic Pain for Patients With Breast Cancer Essay

Management of Chronic Pain for Patients With Breast Cancer - Essay Example The International Association for the Study of Pain defines it as: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage." Subjectively it could denote any form of unpleasant sensation with varying degrees of intensity. Pain is distinguished based on two basic types identified as acute and chronic. Acute pain results from a disease process whereby there is inflammation or injury to tissues occurring rather suddenly after trauma or surgery and may be accompanied by anxiety or emotional distress. Usually certain medications serve to diminish the intensity of Acute Pain. Chronic Pain however, persists over a longer period than acute pain and is resistant to most medical treatments. Several factors may serve to heighten its perception and frequency thereby causing discomfort to patients in varying degrees. Pain follows a certain train of events before it is detected and proclaimed by a patient. Luckmann and Sorensen traced it to "the nerve receptors, named as nociceptors which differs from the complex receptors of vision and other senses". These nociceptors are simply free nerve endings in almost all types of tissues which react to change and require a high level of stimulation to elicit a response. However once their threshold is exceeded they communicate the presence of the painful stimulus. At times they become so over sensitized that long after the stimulus is removed, pain still persists. Once these nociceptors are stimulated, they discharge an impulse that travels in the form of an electrical activity to the spinal cord and on to the brain. The spinal cord is informed on the activity of the body through nerve fibers carrying somatosensory information. The spinothalamic tract then carries the painful information to the brain via the thalamus by passing through the somatosensory cortex which serves to localize and identify the quality of pain before it is diffused to the many areas of the brain including the reticular formation, medulla, hypothalamus and limbic structures. As a response, the brain sends to the receptors a complex response to the painful stimuli. It dictates the receptors to identify the degree, the character and intensity of the pain; its location and how to behave to reduce or avoid it in the future. "Pain can be inhibited if its pathways are blocked", as presented in the Gate-Control Theory of Melzack and Wall. The "gate" in their report is controlled by a dynamic function of cells that can facilitate or inhibit the transmission of pain signals. The fibers bringing pain information from the tissues are found in layers known as laminae. A certain Laminae II which is different from the rest of the layers and also called the Substantia Gelatinosa(SG) is proposed as the location of the "gate". This serves as the convergence point of all pain information, whether stimulus coming in from the tissues or identification from the brain. A spinal cord transmission cell also known as the t-cell either opens the gate thereby facilitating pain transmission or closing the gate. A variety of sources may close or open the gate but only the brain can manipulate the "gate" to inhibit or

Epidemiology exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Epidemiology exam - Essay Example The Odd's Ratio would provide the estimated risk of prior patients, however the relative risk is also assessed looking forward to new ones. Therefore, a Cohort works best here because the assessment is looked at in terms of the mothers habits affecting the child in a forward manner. Birth weight, however, can be affected by infection, lack of support, no neonatal care, previous abortions, previous preterm births and other confounding factors. Reduction of effects would be done by a complete and thorough history of the patients prior to entering the study. B: The question involves an investigation into whether people who have worked in the factory of a chemical company producing toxic chemicals are more likely to develop a specific lung disease. This is a retrospective study or case-control since we are analyzing only one disease plus we are looking backward at people that already worked or were involved in a process prior to Time A looking backward to Time B.

Composition and Structure of Long Bone and Skeleton Function

Composition and Structure of Long Bone and Skeleton Function The composition of bone, the structure of the long bone and the function of the skeleton Composition of bone Bone itself consists mainly of collagen fibres and an inorganic bone mineral in the form of small crystals (University of Cambridge 2005). Bones are living tissue which is made up of connective tissue. The bone tissue is made up of several types of bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are needed to aid the process of healing and osteoclasts are needed to break down old bone to make room for new bone. Bones contain phosphorus and calcium which are inorganic salts; these salts give the bone strength. The bone also has collagenous fibers to give the bone flexibility. Structure of the long bone The long bone consists of hyaline cartilage which covers the ends of the bone and stops them rubbing together as well as absorbing shock. The head of the long bone is called epiphysis. Compact bone is hard, dense bone and is the outer layer of the long bone, this gives the hallow part of the bone strength. Cancellous bone is the spongey bone in the long bone, which stores the red bone marrow and this is where blood cells are made. The yellow bone marrow is stored in the marrow cavity of the long bone and this is where white blood cells are made. Cancellous bone looks like honey comb as it is very porous and is easily recognised. The epiphyseal plate is where the bones grow in length. The shaft in the long bone itself is called the diaphysis. The periosteum is a protective layer on the long bone that has no cartilage; this is where the tendons and ligaments connect to (Curran 2016). Below is a picture of the structure of the long bone (LinkedIn Corporation 2017). Functions of the skeleton The functions of the skeleton include protection, movement, formation of blood cells and storage. Protection: Vital organs such as the heart and lungs are protected by the skeleton, the heart and lungs are protected by the sternum (breast bone) and the enclosure of the rib cage. The brain is also protected by the cranium (skull). Movement: Bones and muscles work together to produce body movement as a lever. Bones and muscles form joints which are needed to move. Formation of blood cells: This process is called haematopoiesis where blood cells are produced in the bone marrow of some bones. Storage: Bones store minerals such as calcium and phosphorus which are inorganic salts needed for the strength of bones. These materials are stored in the bones when there is too much present in the blood (Curran 2016). Types of joints and their functions There are three different types of joints; Fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints and synovial joints. Their main function is movement of the limbs and stability for example the stability found in the bones of the skull (Boundless 2016). Fibrous Joints Fibrous joints are immoveable i.e. they cannot move. These joints are held together with only a ligament. An example of this type of joint would be the cranium.   (Google Images 2017) Cartilaginous Joints Cartilaginous joints are partly moveable and the connection between articulating bones is made up of cartilage. An example of this type of joint is between the vertebrae that form the spine. The arrow in the below picture indicates where the cartilage is in the spine. (Google Images 2017) Synovial Joints Synovial joints are freely moveable and are the most known and common type of joints in the body. These joints have a synovial capsule surrounding the joint and the synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to provide lubrication to the joint which prevents friction allows for more movement. Cartilage provides padding to each end of the bone. There are six types of synovial joints; hinge, pivot, ball socket, saddle, condyloid and gliding joints. Examples of synovial joints would be elbows, knees and hips (Boundless 2016).   Ã‚   (Google Images 2017)

Critical Analysis of Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom Essay

Critical Analysis of Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom Tuesdays with Morrie, written by Mitch Albom, is a story of the love between a man and his college professor, Morrie Schwartz. This true story captures the compassion and wisdom of a man who only knew good in his heart and lived his life to the fullest up until the very last breath of his happily fulfilled life. When Mitch learned of Morrie’s illness, the began the last class of Morrie’s life together and together tried to uncover â€Å"The Meaning of Life.† These meetings included discussions on everything from the world when you enter it to the world when you say goodbye. Morrie Schwartz was a man of great wisdom who loved and enjoyed to see and experience simplicity in life, something beyond life’s most challenging and unanswered mysteries. Morrie was a one of a kind teacher who taught Mitch about the most important thing anyone can ever learn: life. He taught Mitch about his culture, about trust, and perhaps most importantly, about how to live. One lesson Morrie teaches Mitch is about the view his culture has and how we, not only Mitch but also the rest of the world, should not believe what they say. Morrie tells Mitch: â€Å"Take my condition. The things I am supposed to be embarrassed about now — not being able to walk, not being able to wipe my ass, waking up some mornings wanting to cry — there is nothing innately embarrassing about them. It's the same for women not being thin enough, or men not being rich enough. It's just what our culture would have you believe. Don't believe it.† Morrie speaks these words of advice to Mitch during their eleventh Tuesday together, when they talk specifically about culture. Gradually, Morrie has come to accept his physical handicaps, just as he has come to accept his impending death. He complains that the culture is wrong to deem natural physical need as socially embarrassing, and thus he refuses to believe that his handicaps are shameful. In rejecting the values of the popular culture, Morrie creates his own set of customs, which accommodate the physical shortcomings popular culture finds disgraceful and embarrassing. As Morrie sees it, popular culture is a dictator under which the human community must suffer. He has already suffered enough from his disease, and does not see why he ... ...s that one must accept the possibility of one's own death before he can truly appreciate what he has on earth, as the sobering awareness that one day, it will all be out of reach, prompts the urge to appreciate and value what one can have only for a limited period of time, and to use every moment of that time doing something that one will not regret when the bird sings its last note. Morrie’s messages about life in this book were not solely directed fro Mitch; they are meant for anyone who is willing to take the time to listen. For me, there is not only one thing I learned from Morrie. I learned that I should not take life for granted because you never know when it will be over. Even though I have heard it many times I never really believed that what the media says is not necessarily true, until I read this book. Finally, I learned that love and compassion, not only for others, but also for oneself are essential in living a happy life. It does not matter if someone is rich, or if they are poor for that matter. The truth is that as long as you lived your life as best you could, you learned from your mistakes, and you are happy with yourself, then you lead a fulfilling life. Critical Analysis of Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom Essay Critical Analysis of Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom Tuesdays with Morrie, written by Mitch Albom, is a story of the love between a man and his college professor, Morrie Schwartz. This true story captures the compassion and wisdom of a man who only knew good in his heart and lived his life to the fullest up until the very last breath of his happily fulfilled life. When Mitch learned of Morrie’s illness, the began the last class of Morrie’s life together and together tried to uncover â€Å"The Meaning of Life.† These meetings included discussions on everything from the world when you enter it to the world when you say goodbye. Morrie Schwartz was a man of great wisdom who loved and enjoyed to see and experience simplicity in life, something beyond life’s most challenging and unanswered mysteries. Morrie was a one of a kind teacher who taught Mitch about the most important thing anyone can ever learn: life. He taught Mitch about his culture, about trust, and perhaps most importantly, about how to live. One lesson Morrie teaches Mitch is about the view his culture has and how we, not only Mitch but also the rest of the world, should not believe what they say. Morrie tells Mitch: â€Å"Take my condition. The things I am supposed to be embarrassed about now — not being able to walk, not being able to wipe my ass, waking up some mornings wanting to cry — there is nothing innately embarrassing about them. It's the same for women not being thin enough, or men not being rich enough. It's just what our culture would have you believe. Don't believe it.† Morrie speaks these words of advice to Mitch during their eleventh Tuesday together, when they talk specifically about culture. Gradually, Morrie has come to accept his physical handicaps, just as he has come to accept his impending death. He complains that the culture is wrong to deem natural physical need as socially embarrassing, and thus he refuses to believe that his handicaps are shameful. In rejecting the values of the popular culture, Morrie creates his own set of customs, which accommodate the physical shortcomings popular culture finds disgraceful and embarrassing. As Morrie sees it, popular culture is a dictator under which the human community must suffer. He has already suffered enough from his disease, and does not see why he ... ...s that one must accept the possibility of one's own death before he can truly appreciate what he has on earth, as the sobering awareness that one day, it will all be out of reach, prompts the urge to appreciate and value what one can have only for a limited period of time, and to use every moment of that time doing something that one will not regret when the bird sings its last note. Morrie’s messages about life in this book were not solely directed fro Mitch; they are meant for anyone who is willing to take the time to listen. For me, there is not only one thing I learned from Morrie. I learned that I should not take life for granted because you never know when it will be over. Even though I have heard it many times I never really believed that what the media says is not necessarily true, until I read this book. Finally, I learned that love and compassion, not only for others, but also for oneself are essential in living a happy life. It does not matter if someone is rich, or if they are poor for that matter. The truth is that as long as you lived your life as best you could, you learned from your mistakes, and you are happy with yourself, then you lead a fulfilling life.

Ideal Work Environment (Iaps) Essay

Compensation: Our employees will be compensated by receiving a good compensation package for both the benefit of the company and the employee. The compensation package will include: †¢20% more income than the average salary per month †¢Guaranteed raises and bonuses based on job performance and/or time with company †¢Paid Volunteer Days †¢Time off unpaid †¢Vacation Pay †¢Health Insurance †¢Use of the company car Also, our company awards bonuses based on merit, these are non cash bonuses known as ‘Employee of the Month’, bonus day off, or a good parking space. Management: There are many qualities that make a good boss. At Honda Automotive Design Engineering, we have hired a boss that respects and has acquired all the expectations to lead this company to success and help improve the work environment in the building with weekly interactions with the employees. An effective boss will: 1. Set clear expectations 2. Coaches (someone who educates and encourages his employees as well as leads the company) 3. Gives feedback 4. Is inclusive 5. Gets to know employees 6. Works fearlessly 7. Is open and truthful (communication is essential) We view The Discussing Style as an effective management style because it promotes learning through interaction. In this style the manager encourages  critical thinking and lively discussion by asking employees questions about the problem, opportunity, or issue that must be resolved. The manager is a facilitator guiding the discussion to a logical conclusion. This style is effective because it’s based on communication, coaching, decision-making and recognition. Conflict: As executive officers, we manage workplace conflict by playing the role as an integrator. We seek to hear a variety of reasonable opinions and have an exchange of information before making a decision. This style of managing workplace conflict encourages creative thinking and is effective at problem-solving when issues are complex but it does take time. Hiring: This company hires employees that are compromisers when it comes to either conflict-management styles or working at this company in general. When compromising at this company, we force taking something from all parties involved and giving up something in return. When all parties to a decision are knowledgable and have good suggestions, this style results in good decisions. But when some parties contributing to the discussion are not fully informed, the final decision can be weak and we do not tolerate alienation, avoiding or domination. We are looking for 3 types of positions: Architects, Mechanic/Engineers, Designers (All must have a designing degree). Culture: At Honda Automotive Design Engineering, we create a community feeling in the building. Our offices are designed for employees to have lots of space, freedom and wide communication with the other employees. To prevent worker alienation, we have created our offices to be a happy and comforting atmosphere and in order to do that we changed plain, boring, simple office spaces into warm colourful walls and more open space for communication but  also providing separation walls so the room does not becoming loud or chaotic, enough for a functioning workplace. Recruiting the best employees possible will be simple giving them special accommodations, for engineers we provide them with tons of space in the building and utilities. For designers, we provide all the utilities, essentials, workspace and organization products (files, compartments etc.). Equity: To meet the needs of a diverse worker population, we aim for employees with different ethnicities and personalities. We ensure that the work environment is a safe space free of harassment by 24/7 security on building grounds, employees have the right to complain and/or notify authorities and the manager, and we hire employees that are open-minded about gender, race, religion and sexual orientation. We do not tolerate any kind of harassment in the workplace and we also provide rules towards that topic. The Honda Automotive Design Engineering is redesigned to maximize productivity and employee satisfaction for the work environment. On the graph 7.6 (page. 206), we think that our employees would rate their job/workplace regarding economics fairly well because we provide job security, fair/reasonable pay, health plans and a paid vacation. Also, Contribution and involvement would be rated excellent because we allow employees to work the way they want in their office space, they can make a difference to improve the companies growth and production as well as participate in decision-making.

Actinium Facts - Element 89 or Ac

Actinium is the radioactive element that has atomic number 89 and element symbol Ac. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated, although other radioactive elements had been observed before actinium. This element possesses several unusual and interesting characteristics. Here are the properties, uses, and sources of Ac. Actinium Facts Actinium is a soft, silver-colored metal that glows pale blue in the dark because the radioactivity ionizes air. Actinium reacts with moisture and oxygen to form a white coating of actinium oxide that protects the underlying metal from further oxidation. The shear modulus of element 89 is estimated to be similar to that of lead.Andre Debierne claimed discovery of an element he named actinium, working from a sample of pitchblende supplied by Marie and Pierre Curie. Debierne was unable to isolate the new element (which modern analysis reveals might not have been element 89, but rather protactinium). Friedrich Oskar Giesel independently discovered actinium in 1902, calling it emamium. Giesel went on to become the first person to isolate a pure sample of the element. Debiernes name was retained because his discovery had seniority. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word aktinos, which means ray or beam.The actinide series of elements, a group of metals between actinium and lawrencium possessing similar properties, takes its name from actinium. Actinium is considered the first transition metal in period 7 (although sometimes lawrencium is assigned that position).Although the element gives its name to the actinide group, most of the chemical properties of actinium are similar to those of lanthanum and other lanthanides.The most common oxidation state of actinium is 3. Actinium compounds have similar properties to lanthanum compounds.Natural actinium is a mix of two isotopes: Ac-227 and Ac-228. Ac-227 is the most abundant isotope. It is primarily a beta emitter, but 1.3% of decays yield alpha particles. Thirty-six isotopes have been characterized. The most stable is Ac-227, which has a half-life of 21.772 years. Actinium also has two meta states.Actinium occurs naturally in trace amounts in uranium and thorium ores. Because its difficult to isolate the element from ore, the most common way to produce actinium is by neutron irradiation of Ra-226. Milligram samples m ay be prepared in this manner within nuclear reactors.To date, there has been minimum industrial use of actinium because it is rare and expensive. The isotope actinium-227 might have use in radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Ac-227 pressed with beryllium is a good neutron source and may be used as a neutron probe for well logging, radiochemistry, radiography, and tomography. Actinium-225 is used for radiation cancer treatment.  Ac-227 may also be used to model water mixing in the ocean.There is no known biological function for actinium. It is both radioactive and toxic. It is considered slightly less toxic than the radioactive element plutonium and americium. When rats were injected with actinium trichloride, about half of the actinium was deposited in the liver and one-third into the bones. Because of the health risk it presents, actinium and its compounds should only be handled with a glove box. Actinium Properties Element Name: Actinium Element Symbol: Ac Atomic Number: 89 Atomic Weight: (227) First Isolated By (Discoverer):  Friedrich Oskar Giesel (1902) Named By:  Andrà ©-Louis Debierne (1899) Element Group: group 3, d block, actinide, transition metal Element Period: period 7 Electron Configuration:  [Rn] 6d1  7s2 Electrons per Shell:  2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 Phase: solid Melting Point:  1500  K  (1227  Ã‚ °C, 2240  Ã‚ °F)   Boiling Point:3500  K (3200  °C, 5800  °F)  extrapolated value Density:  10  g/cm3 near room temperature Heat of Fusion: 14 kJ/mol Heat of Vaporization: 400 kJ/mol Molar Heat Capacity:  27.2  J/(mol ·K) Oxidation States:  3, 2 Electronegativity: 1.1 (Pauling scale) Ionization Energy: 1st:  499  kJ/mol, 2nd:  1170  kJ/mol, 3rd:  1900  kJ/mol Covalent Radius: 215 picometers Crystal Structure: face-centered cubic (FCC) Sources Debierne, Andrà ©-Louis (1899). Sur un nouvelle matià ¨re radio-active. Comptes Rendus (in French). 129: 593–595.Emsley, John (2011).  Natures building blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997).  Chemistry of the Elements  (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.Hammond, C. R. (2004). The Elements, in  Handbook of Chemistry and Physics  (81st ed.). CRC press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.Weast, Robert (1984).  CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.